There is also a great variety of idioms with food vocabulary. Here is a short list of them. You are very likely to have it in writing task II. The first important words are developing countries and developed countries Developing countries are countries with little industrial and economic activity where people generally have low incomes. Contrarily, Developed countries are countries with a lot of industrial and economic activity where people generally have high incomes.
Though it once reigned alongside the United States as a world superpower, Russia is not classified as a developed country as of People are afraid that the evolution of a global village will raise conflicts between cultures.
Global economy refers to economy of the world comprising economies of different countries closely interrelated. Thanks to global economy a shirt is now likely to cost roughly the same amount of money in New York as in New Delhi. And finally, global trade often international trade is simply the exchange of goods and services between countries.
Global trade not only results in increased efficiency, but also allows countries to participate in global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign investments. Sweatshop and outsourcing. Sweatshop sometimes sweat factory is a workplace with unacceptably severe conditions and usually extremely low wages. The Apple incident illustrates how sweatshops can thrive with such practices as outsourcing.
Outsourcing means just what it says - going out to find the source of what you need. In the globalization context we usually use the term outsourcing to describe a situation when businesses outsource production to countries with developing economies.
Offshore outsourcing is often criticized, which can mean bad public relations for a company. Our next phrase is loss of identity. And this is what can happen if the idea of global village develops further. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to total loss of cultural identity.
Our next group of words is prosperity, standard of living, and Human Development Index. To put it simply it is the state of being successful usually by making a lot of money. Globalization plays an important role in contributing to sustainable prosperity for all people.
Standard of living could be described as a quality of life or level of material prosperity available to an individual or a group of people. The standard of living includes factors such as: income, availability of employment, affordability of housing, quality of healthcare, and many others. And finally, Human Development Index HDI is an index prepared by the United Nations which lists countries in the order of human achievement taking into consideration three dimensions: health, education and living standards.
Human Development Index also shows that countries with lots of income do not always spend money in ways that create high life expectancies or education levels. All these new words are very important when you want to talk or write about globalization. Our next term is consumerism. It is the belief that it is good for people and society to spend a lot of money on goods and services. Although consumerism can take many forms, it generally refers to very high levels of excessive consumption. Now we move on to another pair of words which students often confuse.
To immigrate means to settle in a foreign country. It suggests permanent relocation and applies to people. To emigrate means to leave one country in order to settle in another.
It also applies only to people. Every member of the Jewish religion is eligible to immigrate to Israel. And two more terms are cultural convergence which is a tendency for cultures to blend and become more alike and cultural divergence which describes things that make separations of cultures.
The English language is a prime example of cultural convergence on a global scale. And here we have a couple of international agencies which directly influence globalization development. World Trade Organization WTO - global organization that helps countries and producers trade fairly and effectively. Additional vocabulary antiglobalization movement - s a social movement critical of the globalization of corporate capitalism. Wikipedia national sovereignty - the idea that independent nations, which have declared their independence, have an organized government and are self-contained, have a right to exist without other nations interfering ask.
As you probably remember, we go through only the most popular topics of IETLS thus there is high chance that you will have to use these words during your exam. So make sure you write down the unfamiliar words. We will start with three expressions which require no definition. It is our time, the time of technology and gadgets, Facebook addiction, and knowledge-based society.
The arrival of the digital era was so rapid that we have not yet managed to cope with all the consequences. And if we observe rapid dramatic changes, we use revolution. As for technological revolution, it could often be triggered by a breakthrough - an act of making important discoveries.
The internet revolution changed the way that people got and shared information, affecting everything from social relations to the way they work. Although always with risk, technological breakthroughs promise the most pressing global challenges of our time.
For example, cutting-edge technologies. As for rocket science, it is a slightly less formal expression which means an activity requiring considerable intelligence and ability. We also work with universities and other experts to ensure that we remain at the cutting edge of technology. And tech-savvy means knowing a lot about modern technologies and Millennials are tech-savvy, thrifty, and more likely to stream entertainment online than other Americans.
Our next term is Cloud computing. Over the recent decades it has become a buzzword in the IT world. I will explain this term as easily as possible. Cloud computing means that instead of using all the applications physically installed on your computer you can access them over the Internet. They are provided as service by another company. And it applies not only to computer programs, but also to hardware capacity. And here're 2 more words: wireless and mobile. Do they have the same meaning? Yes and no.
Sometimes you can use either, but they represent different concepts. Let me explain. Mobile is a word to describe the nature of devices. A mobile device is one that can be taken anywhere. Usually these devices need a battery to work. But wireless does not mean mobile.
Many non-mobile devices can connect to wireless networks as well as mobile devices. I hope you feel the difference. I have also prepared a list of other useful tech related words and phrases.
You probably know most of them. But I encourage you to think whether you normally use them while speaking or writing. Do you feel comfortable with them? If some of them confuse you, come up with several sentences to practice their usage.
And remember to return to these words after a while. In terms of lexis this topic incorporates a lot of useful terms and phrases which can also be used when talking about food, diet, and even sports. So I am very excited to start!
It is recommended to have your medical checkup on a regular basis. When people get sick, they often have a sore throat - pain in the throat. Sore throat is a very common reason to receive medical care. There is another good word epidemic, but it has a negative meaning - a disease affecting a disproportionately large number of individuals within the population. The current epidemic of obesity is caused largely by an environment that promotes excessive food intake.
There are some great expressions here: epidemic breakout - is when an epidemic starts suddenly or strikes. When you have a disease, you need a doctor to diagnose it, which means to recognize a disease or illness.
Your doctor will diagnose a disease based on your medical history and test results. When a disease is diagnosed and treated but there are no signs of improvement, we can talk about deterioration - the process of something getting worse.
Its easy definition is existing frequently or most of the time. Sugar may not be the only contributor to a chronic disease, but it is by far the easiest one to avoid. If you are in one room with a sick person you can easily get infected. To infect means to cause somebody to become affected by a disease. If you return to work after your sick leave too soon, you may infect your colleagues.
After being properly treated people usually recover, which means that they return to normal condition, or get back from being ill.
He had a stroke, but is recovering well. How do doctors recognize certain diseases? Correct, on the basis of symptoms, which are changes in your body or mind showing that you are not healthy. The symptoms of flu usually develop within two days of becoming infected. A widely used expression with the word symptom is the onset of symptoms, which is when your symptoms become noticeable. What should people do not to get sick and prevent a disease? They say that exercise and healthy diet can prevent heart disease.
So preventing something means to act ahead of something. A vaccine is an injection to protect against a particular disease. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against swine flu. In most cases it is enough to have one dose of a vaccine to recover. When people suddenly get a high temperature, they usually call an ambulance, which is a vehicle that takes sick people to the hospital, especially in case of emergency. Because of high pressure the woman was taken by an ambulance.
In the previous sentence we had the word emergency, which is a sudden unforeseen crisis usually involving danger that requires immediate treatment or resolution.
In case of medical emergency a patient might be asked about his or her blood type. Talking about health problems, it is also very important to mention fatigue - a state of being very tired and exhausted. Driver fatigue is a major cause of road accidents.
For your reference we have some additional health related words and phrases. We will go through them and if any of them are unfamiliar to you, take some time to familiarize yourself with them. Crime and punishment Step by step we are moving forward to another important vocabulary section - crime and punishment. Its definition is simple: an act against the law.
Usually crimes committed by businessmen or office workers for financial gain. Bribery is a popular type of white-collar crime. In case of victimless crimes prosecution starts within one week. A popular word in action movies is abduction. It is an act of capturing, carrying away by force. There has been a series of abductions in the area. Arson is an act of criminal burning of property. It looked like an accidental fire, not arson. Fraud is trickery intended to gain an advantage. She was found guilty of committing fraud.
H He was back in prison 2 years later, convicted of manslaughter terrorism - violence or threat of violence as a way of trying to achieve a political goal International action to combat terrorism should focus heavily on prevention. A boy shoplifted a toy from the store. And the last word combination is traffic offences - crimes committed on the road. When committing a traffic offence people usually have to pay a fine.
In European countries fines for traffic offences are extremely high. Another big part of the crime and punishment vocabulary is court vocabulary. Some victims are selected because they seem vulnerable. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you by the state. In our context evidence is usually presented in court to prove that someone is guilty or innocent. The jury reached a verdict after hours of deliberation. And here is a list of verdict expressions: favorable verdict — positive verdict adverse verdict — negative verdict to appeal against a verdict — to protest a verdict final verdict - definitive verdict.
The court may also order forfeiture of property in this case. She was put on probation for 3 years. If you are ticketed for too many violations within a specific period of time, your license will be suspended. They all describe a situation when someone is convicted and sent to spend a specified period of time in prison. A court can give a range of prison sentences including suspended, fixed-term, and life sentences.
He was banned from entering the building. Community service refers to unpaid work beneficial for the community. Alternative sentences can include different combinations of the following: a suspended sentence, probation and community service. Take your time, memorize basic vocabulary, and remember to use them in your writing and other parts of the IELTS examination!
Good luck! Well, while you might need some time to generate enough ideas on the topic, I will make sure that you have enough words to talk and write about it.
And it is the leading scientific explanation so far. The Big Bang Theory rather in details describes the first moments of the birth of the Universe and submits to the laws of physics. Black Holes Black holes are strange objects attracting a lot of attention of modern scientists and not only them. Filmmakers and writers exploit black holes in their interest. When a larger star collapses, it continues to fall in on itself and creates a black hole.
Astronaut Between April 9 when the first seven U. Another good term from outer space is constellation. Constellation is groups of stars representing a certain figure in the sky. Constellations are easily recognizable patterns that help people orient themselves using the night sky. Many of you have probably heard of the word eclipse.
But it is not only the name of a chewing gum or a car. In our context eclipse is when the Earth or the moon passes through a shadow of another heavenly body. I have never seen a lunar eclipse.
I think in most European languages this word sounds the same, but still I will give a definition of it. According to Wikipedia a meteorite is a solid piece of debris from a source such as an asteroid or a comet that originates in outer space and survives its impact on the Earth's surface. Cosmology - in general it is defined as a branch of astronomy involving the origin and evolution of the universe. Cosmologists puzzle over exotic concepts such as the dark matter, the string theory, and dark energy.
They question whether there is one universe or many. Light Year The most confusing fact about the light year is that it actually measures distance rather than time. A light year is defined by how far a beam of light travels in one year.
Milky Way It is not only the name of a popular chocolate brand, but also the name of a spiral galaxy of which our solar system is part. If you are somewhere with a very dark night sky, you can sometimes see the Milky Way as a thick band of stars in the sky.
The Solar System - if you are familiar with the meaning of the word solar something connected with the Sun , you might know that the Solar System is full of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, minor planets, and many other exciting objects. Gravitational force - have you seen the movie Gravity with Sandra Bullock? Then you might know that it is the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface.
Space spinoff - an item that has uses on Earth but was originally developed for use in space. According to Wikipedia, spinoffs are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of NASA through research and development contracts.
If you find them interesting, you might read more information on the web. Stephen Hawking - cosmologist who is believed to be one of the greatest scientists alive. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to travel to space. Alan Shepard was the first American in space. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Ready to start? Be attentive, work hard, and you will get your target or an even higher score! There are quite a lot of them. Fine arts - Type of art that creates beautiful things.
It could be painting, sculpture, or music. The museum collection consists of thousands rare original works of fine art. Arts and crafts - the activity of making beautiful and useful objects. You should visit one of the local stores selling arts and crafts, such as pottery and baskets. Visual arts - creations that we can look at. For instance, painting, sculpture, architecture, film Another good example of popular visual art is film, which includes documentaries and short films.
Plastic arts - every type of art we can touch. Sculpture would be a good example. Performing arts - a very wide term meaning anything from cinema, theater, or any other form of visual art to modern computer presentations.
Participating in performing arts programs helps students develop a stronger sense of individualism, self- reflection, and self-esteem. I hope you now better understand what is the difference between the various types of art. Secondly a watercolor is a painting created with watercolors. Watercolors are ideal for landscape painting. You probably heard the word sketch when discussing some projects, but in art it is a quick informal drawing to capture the essentials of an object.
Sketches are often done in ink or charcoal. Some people say that artists merely paint self-portraits as it solves the problem of having to find a model. Still-life art was common in the ancient world.
The second meaning is a picture painted with oil paints. Fat over lean is one of the fundamental concepts of oil painting. Figurative art has a history as long as the history of representation itself.
The easy definition is contemporary to us. It means that it has been created during our lifetimes. Usually contemporary art refers to artworks made after by still living artists. Realism - an artistic movement attempting to portray the lives of ordinary people and their environments Realism, also known as the Realist school, was a mid nineteenth century art movement.
Abstract art is a genre of art which does NOT depict a person, place, or thing in the natural world. Objects are often simplified or distorted. Abstract art might look as if it were simple to create, with a splash of paint here and a brush stroke there. Another artistic style is impressionism - a style in which the artist captures the image of an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it.
Manet significantly influenced the development of impressionism. When talking about art many people talk about harmony. Harmony is a pleasing combination or arrangement of things.
For instance, a harmony of colors. It is the organization of the elements of design in an art work done according to principles of design. Composition rules provide a starting point for deciding on a composition for painting. One of them is unity. Unity is the coherence of an artwork. Unity allows us to feel that all parts of the piece work together.
Traditionally they include: balance, emphasis, contrast, unity, movement, and rhythm. What trait of character do you think is important to have to create works of art? Creativity is using imagination rather than imitating something. Creative people are able to look at things and situations in novel ways and from different angels and perspectives. Another important phrase is focal point, which is the center of interest or activity in a work of art. I have also added some very useful art related terms and phrases.
They all have definitions. Look through them and try to memorize and use them in a context. Conclusion So, that brings us to the end of all the vocabulary that I have prepared for you in this course.
I hope you learned something new, refreshed the material you already knew, and systemized useful lexical units for IELTS. But be aware that this was the first part of our Vocabulary Booster series.
The next part is coming soon! So see you in the next videos! Thanks for watching! Have a great time preparing for your exam! Good Luck! A short summary of this paper. Cover Letter and 2. You can apply either after seeing the advertisement, by hearing about the vacancy or through personal contacts. In other words, describe your academic and professional skills. Present only the highlights of your assets. But do not demand it. You can express your willingness to come and meet the personnel at his office at a convenient time.
You might set up a separate e-mail account especially for seeking employment. If you will not be at your university or other current address for long, you will want to list both a permanent home address and the university address.
Indicate how long i. But most employers agree that a statement of professional objective should be included in a resume. If the information will be helpful and if space permits, you may consider listing notable courses you have taken. If your grade- point average is impressive, include it.
When describing your work experience, list your jobs in chronological order, with the current or last one first. The employers will see your ability to get and hold a job—an important qualification in itself. Be sure to use very concrete language, including technical terminology to describe the work you performed.
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